http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/01/world/asia/01china.html?ex=1314763200&en=abf86c087b22be74&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
This is a news story from the New York Times in September of 2006 about changing text books in china. We're studying Mao's china right now in class. It's valuable because it talks about a symbol of communism's grip on china as slipping when a new text book is distributed that barely mentions Mao or socialism. This article has some hefty limitations: it was published in 2006 but in 2009 thing are still looking very communist over in china and many textbooks are undergoing severe scrutiny, the article doesn't say how widely spread this text book is, it could only be used in select schools, and the article was printed while the textbooks were being first introduced to the schools so they may have been removed since then.
Saturday, December 19, 2009
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
IRL9
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8334009.stm
This is a news article published by the BBC in October this year. I thought it was interesting to get a modern day Russian opinion on Stalin because all the reading we've done in class makes it seem like his people hated him. I find it enriching to know he had at least a few followers. This was based off the statements of Russia's current president and may be leaned towards being more sympathetic with its neighboring capitalist neighbors.
This is a news article published by the BBC in October this year. I thought it was interesting to get a modern day Russian opinion on Stalin because all the reading we've done in class makes it seem like his people hated him. I find it enriching to know he had at least a few followers. This was based off the statements of Russia's current president and may be leaned towards being more sympathetic with its neighboring capitalist neighbors.
Monday, November 30, 2009
SGQ8
MWH p.415-420
How successful was Mao Zedong in dealing with China's problems?
a. Problems facing Mao
1.the contry was devastated after the war with Japan
2.Industry was backward
3.Control and organize a vast country with a population of over 600 million
b. the constitution of 1950
1. who/what had authority for all the main decisions?
the NPC
2. who was eligible to be elected?
communist party members
c. Agricultural changes - what were the two steps taken to collectivize Chinese peasants?
1.land was taken from large landowners and redristributed among the peasants
2.peasants were persuaded to join together in cooperative farms in order to increase food production
d. Industrial changes
1. who helped and was the model?
the russians
2. what evidence of success was there?
i.full communications had been restored
ii.inflation was under control
e. the Hundred Flowers campaign
i. what was a cadre?
group who organized the masses politicaly and economically
ii. why might the cadres be threatened by technicians and engineers?
they represented a new authority
iii. what was the solution?
the hundred flowers campaign
iv. how did that work out for the government?
it backfired
f. Summarize the two main features of the Great Leap Forward:
1.
The introduction of communes.
2.
A complete change of emphasis in industry.
3. what was the short term effect of the Great Leap Forward?
i.
some opposition in the communes
ii.
a series of bad harvests
iii.
withdrawl of all russian aid
4. what was the long term effect of the Great Leap Forward?
i.
agricultural and industrial production increased substantially
ii.
the population was fed without famine
iii.
the communes were succesful
g. the Cultural Revolution
1. briefly summarize the differences between the right wing and left wing views within the Party:
RIGHT-incentives were necessary for communes, the technitions should replace the cadres
LEFT-the maoists:pure marxism, the cadres should remain
2. who carried out the Cultural Revolution?
Mao and the youthful red gaurds
3. briefly describe the activities which made up the Cultural Revolution:
the red gaurds went totally out of control, attacking anyone with authority, mao called tehm back ina and blamed his adversaries and the red gaurd leaders for the chaos
4. what was the impact of the Cultural Revolution?
the economy lost ten years of developement but it recovered a little in the 70s
How successful was Mao Zedong in dealing with China's problems?
a. Problems facing Mao
1.the contry was devastated after the war with Japan
2.Industry was backward
3.Control and organize a vast country with a population of over 600 million
b. the constitution of 1950
1. who/what had authority for all the main decisions?
the NPC
2. who was eligible to be elected?
communist party members
c. Agricultural changes - what were the two steps taken to collectivize Chinese peasants?
1.land was taken from large landowners and redristributed among the peasants
2.peasants were persuaded to join together in cooperative farms in order to increase food production
d. Industrial changes
1. who helped and was the model?
the russians
2. what evidence of success was there?
i.full communications had been restored
ii.inflation was under control
e. the Hundred Flowers campaign
i. what was a cadre?
group who organized the masses politicaly and economically
ii. why might the cadres be threatened by technicians and engineers?
they represented a new authority
iii. what was the solution?
the hundred flowers campaign
iv. how did that work out for the government?
it backfired
f. Summarize the two main features of the Great Leap Forward:
1.
The introduction of communes.
2.
A complete change of emphasis in industry.
3. what was the short term effect of the Great Leap Forward?
i.
some opposition in the communes
ii.
a series of bad harvests
iii.
withdrawl of all russian aid
4. what was the long term effect of the Great Leap Forward?
i.
agricultural and industrial production increased substantially
ii.
the population was fed without famine
iii.
the communes were succesful
g. the Cultural Revolution
1. briefly summarize the differences between the right wing and left wing views within the Party:
RIGHT-incentives were necessary for communes, the technitions should replace the cadres
LEFT-the maoists:pure marxism, the cadres should remain
2. who carried out the Cultural Revolution?
Mao and the youthful red gaurds
3. briefly describe the activities which made up the Cultural Revolution:
the red gaurds went totally out of control, attacking anyone with authority, mao called tehm back ina and blamed his adversaries and the red gaurd leaders for the chaos
4. what was the impact of the Cultural Revolution?
the economy lost ten years of developement but it recovered a little in the 70s
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
IRL8
http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Digital_Documents/Holocaust/HitlerWillGeneralIntelligence.pdf
This is a United States' record of Hitler's will, and I am specifically looking at the My Political Statement section. I think this source is one of the best way's to get an idea of what Hitler thought about his rule as a single party state, from his last words. It indicates what caused his rise, what accomplishments did he consider significant during his rule, what has really been going through his mind that would cause him to make the decisions he did. I had no idea that he actually held the Jews responsible for everything, I always thought he simply selected them as a common enemy to unite the people, but this document definitely supports the idea that Hitler genuinely held the Jewish population responsible for everything. Also, he provides some insight into his negotiations with England and the fact that he found the systematic killing of the Holocaust more humane than war. He really thought that after all this Germany was going to go down in history as a glorious nation. My limitations are possible tampering or censorship of the document by the US government and the fact that Hitler may have intended his will to portray Germany a little more gloriously than it actually was because this is his final will and testament.
This is a United States' record of Hitler's will, and I am specifically looking at the My Political Statement section. I think this source is one of the best way's to get an idea of what Hitler thought about his rule as a single party state, from his last words. It indicates what caused his rise, what accomplishments did he consider significant during his rule, what has really been going through his mind that would cause him to make the decisions he did. I had no idea that he actually held the Jews responsible for everything, I always thought he simply selected them as a common enemy to unite the people, but this document definitely supports the idea that Hitler genuinely held the Jewish population responsible for everything. Also, he provides some insight into his negotiations with England and the fact that he found the systematic killing of the Holocaust more humane than war. He really thought that after all this Germany was going to go down in history as a glorious nation. My limitations are possible tampering or censorship of the document by the US government and the fact that Hitler may have intended his will to portray Germany a little more gloriously than it actually was because this is his final will and testament.
IBSL2 SGQ7
QWs:
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 369-378
3. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i.
the government was unpopular
ii.
Stalin needed a new constitution to consolidate his power
iii.
some provinces wanted independence
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
Politburo sought to get rid of its less loyal members
ii. How were the purges justified?
1.
people called for the removal of Stalin
2.
there was an assassination attempt iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
it was supposed to establish democracy but it was just an illusion
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i.
allow the provinces their own cultures
ii.
Moscow was still the supreme power and could use force if necessary
4. What was everyday life and culture like under Stalin? a. Why was life hard?
i. food
in short supply, bad harvest leads to famine
ii. housing
increasing urban population leads to a housing shortage
iii. the nomenklatura
government officials had become the new bourgeoisie
b. What signs of improvement were there?
i.
no more rations
ii.
people took better care of themselves
iii.
leisure facilities
iv.
sanitation
c. The state, women, and the family
i. Why was life hard for women?
1.
women were being abandoned by the men
2.
they had to work and raise the children
ii. What two goals did the government have for women?
1.
get them into the workforce
2.
create the family units
iii. What policies did the government adopt towards women?
1.
provision of nurseries
2.
abortion was banned
3.
women got benefits when on maternity leave
iv. What was life like for upper-class or well-educated women?
they took care of their homes and led culturednes campaigns
d. Education
i. What improvements were made to education?
1.
expansion of free mass education
2.
literacy skyrocketed
ii. What were some of the goals of education?
1.
increase literacy
2.
create good little communist from all the children
e. Religion
i. Was was the Communist view of religion?
they support atheism
ii. What actions did the government take towards religious organizations?
Lenin attacked the orthodox church, but after his death the government was more tolerant, until the priest started opposing collectivisation and then Stalin launched an anti religion campaign, they finally settled their differences in WWII
iii. What was the people's reaction to those policies/actions?
the young saw the church as harmful, but people got upset over Stalin's campaign
f. Literature and theater
used as propaganda tools against the bourgeoisie
g. Art, architecture, and music
limited in content by the communist party
h. The cinema
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 369-378
3. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i.
the government was unpopular
ii.
Stalin needed a new constitution to consolidate his power
iii.
some provinces wanted independence
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
Politburo sought to get rid of its less loyal members
ii. How were the purges justified?
1.
people called for the removal of Stalin
2.
there was an assassination attempt iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
it was supposed to establish democracy but it was just an illusion
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i.
allow the provinces their own cultures
ii.
Moscow was still the supreme power and could use force if necessary
4. What was everyday life and culture like under Stalin? a. Why was life hard?
i. food
in short supply, bad harvest leads to famine
ii. housing
increasing urban population leads to a housing shortage
iii. the nomenklatura
government officials had become the new bourgeoisie
b. What signs of improvement were there?
i.
no more rations
ii.
people took better care of themselves
iii.
leisure facilities
iv.
sanitation
c. The state, women, and the family
i. Why was life hard for women?
1.
women were being abandoned by the men
2.
they had to work and raise the children
ii. What two goals did the government have for women?
1.
get them into the workforce
2.
create the family units
iii. What policies did the government adopt towards women?
1.
provision of nurseries
2.
abortion was banned
3.
women got benefits when on maternity leave
iv. What was life like for upper-class or well-educated women?
they took care of their homes and led culturednes campaigns
d. Education
i. What improvements were made to education?
1.
expansion of free mass education
2.
literacy skyrocketed
ii. What were some of the goals of education?
1.
increase literacy
2.
create good little communist from all the children
e. Religion
i. Was was the Communist view of religion?
they support atheism
ii. What actions did the government take towards religious organizations?
Lenin attacked the orthodox church, but after his death the government was more tolerant, until the priest started opposing collectivisation and then Stalin launched an anti religion campaign, they finally settled their differences in WWII
iii. What was the people's reaction to those policies/actions?
the young saw the church as harmful, but people got upset over Stalin's campaign
f. Literature and theater
used as propaganda tools against the bourgeoisie
g. Art, architecture, and music
limited in content by the communist party
h. The cinema
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
IBSL2 SGQ6
QWs:
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 361-368
1. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's economic problems?
a. What were Russia's economic problems?
production from heavy industry was still surprisingly low, more food would have to be produced
b. What were the Five Year Plans?
Stalin's plans, designed to stimulate the industrial expansion
i. How were they carried out?
They got the money from harsh taxes but rewarded the people with medals for hard work
ii. How successful were they? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
They were successful in improving industry because the targets were so ridiculously high, but the people suffered under the brutal pace
c. What does collectivization mean?
small farms are merged to form kolkhozs
i. How was it carried out?
through brute force of armies of party members
ii. How successful was it? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
it was a disaster, the plan was met with strong resistance by peasants of all stances and many were sent to labour camps, shot, or destroyed their own farms
2. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i. the government was unpopular
ii. he needed to reconsolidate his power
iii. some non-Russian parts of the country wanted independence
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
Politburo sought to get rid of its less loyal members
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. people called for the removal of Stalin
2. the was an assassination attempt
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
the imprisonment of millions suspected of treason
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
it was supposed to establish democracy but it was just an illusion
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i. allow the provinces their own cultures
ii. Moscow was still the supreme power and could use force if necessary
Compare and contrast the economic and social policies of one left wing and one right wing single-party ruler.
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 361-368
1. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's economic problems?
a. What were Russia's economic problems?
production from heavy industry was still surprisingly low, more food would have to be produced
b. What were the Five Year Plans?
Stalin's plans, designed to stimulate the industrial expansion
i. How were they carried out?
They got the money from harsh taxes but rewarded the people with medals for hard work
ii. How successful were they? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
They were successful in improving industry because the targets were so ridiculously high, but the people suffered under the brutal pace
c. What does collectivization mean?
small farms are merged to form kolkhozs
i. How was it carried out?
through brute force of armies of party members
ii. How successful was it? (Provide hard facts as evidence!)
it was a disaster, the plan was met with strong resistance by peasants of all stances and many were sent to labour camps, shot, or destroyed their own farms
2. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i. the government was unpopular
ii. he needed to reconsolidate his power
iii. some non-Russian parts of the country wanted independence
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
Politburo sought to get rid of its less loyal members
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. people called for the removal of Stalin
2. the was an assassination attempt
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
the imprisonment of millions suspected of treason
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
it was supposed to establish democracy but it was just an illusion
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i. allow the provinces their own cultures
ii. Moscow was still the supreme power and could use force if necessary
Friday, November 13, 2009
IRL7
http://books.google.com/books?id=4y6mACbLWGsC&pg=PA631&dq=mao+a+life+all+the+dead+of+the+second+world+war&ei=V8N5SaWvCIuYMrK0-KwL#v=onepage&q=&f=false
This is a book, Mao: A Life, by Philip Short. I'm only referencing pages 39-439 which discuss his rise to power. Philip Short is a British author and journalist, he wrote this biography about Mao and presented a TV documentary on Mao called "Mao's Bloody Revolution Revealed" on the UK Terrestrial station Five. I think it's interesting to look at a detailed source like a biography, it's so different from reading a textbook, there's something about the style that affects the way I read it. I think it enhances the learning process to read these kinds of sources, like when they include the text citations and examples of documents in the history books, it's more attention grabbing for me. By using this source I definitely face the limitations of the author's prejudice, displayed plainly in the title of his TV documentary, it seems evident that he was at least slightly anti-Mao, but obviously he feels passionately about the subject if he wrote this book. It's hard to judge the extent to which the authors own opinions are embedded in the book.
This is a book, Mao: A Life, by Philip Short. I'm only referencing pages 39-439 which discuss his rise to power. Philip Short is a British author and journalist, he wrote this biography about Mao and presented a TV documentary on Mao called "Mao's Bloody Revolution Revealed" on the UK Terrestrial station Five. I think it's interesting to look at a detailed source like a biography, it's so different from reading a textbook, there's something about the style that affects the way I read it. I think it enhances the learning process to read these kinds of sources, like when they include the text citations and examples of documents in the history books, it's more attention grabbing for me. By using this source I definitely face the limitations of the author's prejudice, displayed plainly in the title of his TV documentary, it seems evident that he was at least slightly anti-Mao, but obviously he feels passionately about the subject if he wrote this book. It's hard to judge the extent to which the authors own opinions are embedded in the book.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
p210
I think that all three parties were involved. After realizing that Kirov had more favor in the party than himself, Stalin was looking for a way to get rid of him. The assassin obviously had some issues that involved Kirov. The assassin spent some time with a NKVD officer and was an active party member. He most likely told the officer of his troubles in passing, with the officer being aware of the plan to get rid of Kirov. The officer then took advantage of the situation to alert Stalin of using the assassin to kill Kirov, since he was thinking of doing so anyway. Then Stalin had the NKVD set up the assassination for Kirov and gave the assassin, unknowingly to him, all the opportunity he needed to do their dirty work.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
IRL6
http://www.faminegenocide.com/resources/findings.html
This is a website that was created to bring attention to the famine in Ukraine during 1932 and 1933. I have no idea who produced it or where it came from. We we're discussing the famine that swept the soviet union and how it hit the breadbasket of Europe the hardest. I think this site really adds more significance to the enormity of the famine. I face the limitations of not knowing anything about the reliability of the source, their facts could be grossly over exaggerated. But I still think it's interesting, genocide is a pretty loaded word.
This is a website that was created to bring attention to the famine in Ukraine during 1932 and 1933. I have no idea who produced it or where it came from. We we're discussing the famine that swept the soviet union and how it hit the breadbasket of Europe the hardest. I think this site really adds more significance to the enormity of the famine. I face the limitations of not knowing anything about the reliability of the source, their facts could be grossly over exaggerated. But I still think it's interesting, genocide is a pretty loaded word.
Friday, October 23, 2009
IRL5
http://constitutionalistnc.tripod.com/hitler-leftist/id10.html
This is a summary and description of a book about Hitler's economic policies. It comes from a website that I know very little about, but the book was published by Harvard University Press and the quotes proved accurate upon further investigation. It talks about Hitler's economic policies which we've been discussing in class. It provides more details about what the world thought of his policies, I thought the Time Magazine excerpt was hilarious. I face the limitations of knowing nothing about the source of the review, but I did reference other sites when examining the other texts. I realise that's a very broad limitation but I really couldn't find anything on the site properties. I chose this site over the others, despite not knowing who published the page, because I liked how it had a summary a description the excerpt from Time and the reference to a separate work.
This is a summary and description of a book about Hitler's economic policies. It comes from a website that I know very little about, but the book was published by Harvard University Press and the quotes proved accurate upon further investigation. It talks about Hitler's economic policies which we've been discussing in class. It provides more details about what the world thought of his policies, I thought the Time Magazine excerpt was hilarious. I face the limitations of knowing nothing about the source of the review, but I did reference other sites when examining the other texts. I realise that's a very broad limitation but I really couldn't find anything on the site properties. I chose this site over the others, despite not knowing who published the page, because I liked how it had a summary a description the excerpt from Time and the reference to a separate work.
IRL4
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/25/content_342539.htm
This is a news article on Mao's Long March. It's from the China Daily news. This connects to what we're doing in class because the Long March was one of the ways Mao gained the support of the peasants which would eventually be the factor that would allow him to make China a single party state. This adds more detail to what Mao did along the march that may have influenced the people. I face the limitations of the fact that this article was most likely translated from Chinese to English so there may be some mistakes in the text. Also, the author may have been pro or anticommunist, but either way the diction seems straight forward enough that there aren't a lot of influential adjectives or loaded words.
This is a news article on Mao's Long March. It's from the China Daily news. This connects to what we're doing in class because the Long March was one of the ways Mao gained the support of the peasants which would eventually be the factor that would allow him to make China a single party state. This adds more detail to what Mao did along the march that may have influenced the people. I face the limitations of the fact that this article was most likely translated from Chinese to English so there may be some mistakes in the text. Also, the author may have been pro or anticommunist, but either way the diction seems straight forward enough that there aren't a lot of influential adjectives or loaded words.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
SGQ5
How successfully did Lenin and the Bolsheviks deal with their problems (1917-1924?)
I. How much support did the Bolsheviks have from the people?
a. the elections of November 1917
i. Bolshevik seats -
175
ii. Social Revolutionary seats -
370
iii. Mensheviks seats -
15
iv. "left wing" groups -
40
v. nationality groups -
80
vi. Kadets -
17
b. How did Lenin respond to the election results?
he had the red gaurds dispers the assambly
II. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and what were its conditions?
a. It was a treaty between...
germany and russia
b. Russia gave up
i. 1/3 of its farm land
ii. 1/3 of its population
iii. 2/3 of its coalmines and 1/2 its heavy industry
III. Why did the Bolsheviks resort to violence?
a. Violence from others
i. Petrograd and Moscow -
food shortages
ii. Ukraine -
loss of important source of wheat
iii. Social Revolutionaries -
wreck the treaty
iv. violence aimed at Bolshevik leaders -
cheka leader killed and lenin shot
b. Lenin's flawed reasoning
i. Marx's predictions
1. bourgeois revolution
2. proletarian revolution
ii. Russia's reality
1. two revolutins at once
2. dfepoendence on peasants
iii. Lenin's expectations for the rest of Europe
the other capitalists would follow his example, they didn't
c. Liberal historical interpretation
lenin and trotsky dedicayed to the use of violence and fear
IV. The Red Terror
a. against peasants -
any revolutionaries were put down and executed
b. against political opponents -
rounded up and shot
c. against the former Tsar -
shot by cheka
V. Civil War
a. Which groups made up the "Whites"?
SRs, mensheviks, and extsarists
b. What was the Whites' main goal?
set up a democracy
c. What was the role of other nations?
wwi allies aid the whites
d. What was the result of the Civil War?
communists win
e. How were the communists able to win the Civil War?
i. whites werent centrally organised
ii. red armys biggre
iii. lenins war communism
iv. lenin rallied the people against the foreigners
VI. What were the effects of the Civil War?
a. civilian deaths -
8 million
b. economic changes -
economy was ruined, rouble worth 1% original value
VII. What was done about economic problems?
a. effects of war communism
i. food shortages
ii. industrial standstill
b. reforms of the New Economic Policy
i. peasants keep surplus food after taxes
ii. privet trade
iii. private ownership of vuisnesses
c. successes of the NEP
i. ceonomic recovery
ii. production improves
iii, progress with the electrifiucatuon of industry
I. How much support did the Bolsheviks have from the people?
a. the elections of November 1917
i. Bolshevik seats -
175
ii. Social Revolutionary seats -
370
iii. Mensheviks seats -
15
iv. "left wing" groups -
40
v. nationality groups -
80
vi. Kadets -
17
b. How did Lenin respond to the election results?
he had the red gaurds dispers the assambly
II. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and what were its conditions?
a. It was a treaty between...
germany and russia
b. Russia gave up
i. 1/3 of its farm land
ii. 1/3 of its population
iii. 2/3 of its coalmines and 1/2 its heavy industry
III. Why did the Bolsheviks resort to violence?
a. Violence from others
i. Petrograd and Moscow -
food shortages
ii. Ukraine -
loss of important source of wheat
iii. Social Revolutionaries -
wreck the treaty
iv. violence aimed at Bolshevik leaders -
cheka leader killed and lenin shot
b. Lenin's flawed reasoning
i. Marx's predictions
1. bourgeois revolution
2. proletarian revolution
ii. Russia's reality
1. two revolutins at once
2. dfepoendence on peasants
iii. Lenin's expectations for the rest of Europe
the other capitalists would follow his example, they didn't
c. Liberal historical interpretation
lenin and trotsky dedicayed to the use of violence and fear
IV. The Red Terror
a. against peasants -
any revolutionaries were put down and executed
b. against political opponents -
rounded up and shot
c. against the former Tsar -
shot by cheka
V. Civil War
a. Which groups made up the "Whites"?
SRs, mensheviks, and extsarists
b. What was the Whites' main goal?
set up a democracy
c. What was the role of other nations?
wwi allies aid the whites
d. What was the result of the Civil War?
communists win
e. How were the communists able to win the Civil War?
i. whites werent centrally organised
ii. red armys biggre
iii. lenins war communism
iv. lenin rallied the people against the foreigners
VI. What were the effects of the Civil War?
a. civilian deaths -
8 million
b. economic changes -
economy was ruined, rouble worth 1% original value
VII. What was done about economic problems?
a. effects of war communism
i. food shortages
ii. industrial standstill
b. reforms of the New Economic Policy
i. peasants keep surplus food after taxes
ii. privet trade
iii. private ownership of vuisnesses
c. successes of the NEP
i. ceonomic recovery
ii. production improves
iii, progress with the electrifiucatuon of industry
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
IRL3
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERss.htm
This is an article on the SS of Nazi Germany. It's by a British organisation called Spartacus Educational. It connects to our discussion of the Nazi take over of Germany and how they made it a single party state. We've been talking a lot about the armys involved in the creation of single party states so I felt it would be beneficial to research one of the armies we're talking about. I face the limitaions that this document might be written in a slighly anti or pro nazi fasion, but I also noticed that there aren't very many adjectives or weighted words.
This is an article on the SS of Nazi Germany. It's by a British organisation called Spartacus Educational. It connects to our discussion of the Nazi take over of Germany and how they made it a single party state. We've been talking a lot about the armys involved in the creation of single party states so I felt it would be beneficial to research one of the armies we're talking about. I face the limitaions that this document might be written in a slighly anti or pro nazi fasion, but I also noticed that there aren't very many adjectives or weighted words.
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
SGQ4
QW's:
1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
MWH 309-318
1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?
i. a way of life dedicated to the rebirth of the nation
ii. ruthel;essly efficient organisation of all aspects of the lives of the masses
iii. entire stste must be organised on miulitary footing
iv. race theory was vitally important
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. extension of german traditions and militarism
ii. final stage of western capitalism
C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?
Hitler's personal contribution, he wanted to break away from the past and create something new.
D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?
Hitler was neither a loogical or accidental catalyst
2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933
i. nazis use the media to rally the masses
ii. nazi officals replace police officials
iii. all other party meetings were banned
B. The Reichstag fire
i. what happened?
a member of the coomunist party burt a building and Hitler used this to create fear of the communists
ii. what did it mean?
the nazis probably had a hand in the fire themselves
3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?
Hitler was a complete dictator for the next four years
B. How did the Enabling Law pass?
The SS and SA intimidated the the Reichstag into signing the document
C. What was gleichschaltung?
a policy forcing all citizems to coordinate with the nazis
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. one party state
ii. Nazi Special Commisioner
iii. civil service was purged
iv. trade unions were replaced with the German Labour Front
v. education was closely controlled and the Hitler youth were born
vi. special family policy
vii. all communications and media are controlled by the minister of propoganda
viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?
a. telling industrialists what to produce
b. moving workers around to where they were needed
c. encouraging farmers to increase their yields
d. control of food prices and rents
e. control foreign exchanges to avoid inflation
f. public works
g. force other countries to buy german goods
h. manufacturing synthetic materials to avoid reliance of other countries
i. increase military budget
ix. How was religion handled?
a. Catholics
they get no say in politics but the nazis will be nice
b. Protestants
they got taken over completely by the nazis
x. germany is a police state, concentration camps
xi. Anti-Semitism
a. how was it legalized?
under the Nuremburg Laws
b. examples of the law being carried out
1. jews are not citizens
2. they canm't marry nonjews
3. if a grandparent was a jew, you are too
E. How popular were Hitler's policies?
i. personal appeal -
hitler seemed to be offreing action and a great new gremany
ii. unemployment -
he was succesful in eliminating unemployment
iii. working people -
care was taken to support the workers
iv. upper class -
the wealthy were delighted with the nazis
v. farmers -
gradually warmed up to hitlker
vi. the Army -
a. officers -
they liked him because he made them strong
b. lower ranks -
he made sure they were involved too
c. Night of Long Knives -
the SS destroys the SA
vii. foreign policy -
was a brilliant success
1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
MWH 309-318
1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?
i. a way of life dedicated to the rebirth of the nation
ii. ruthel;essly efficient organisation of all aspects of the lives of the masses
iii. entire stste must be organised on miulitary footing
iv. race theory was vitally important
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. extension of german traditions and militarism
ii. final stage of western capitalism
C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?
Hitler's personal contribution, he wanted to break away from the past and create something new.
D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?
Hitler was neither a loogical or accidental catalyst
2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933
i. nazis use the media to rally the masses
ii. nazi officals replace police officials
iii. all other party meetings were banned
B. The Reichstag fire
i. what happened?
a member of the coomunist party burt a building and Hitler used this to create fear of the communists
ii. what did it mean?
the nazis probably had a hand in the fire themselves
3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?
Hitler was a complete dictator for the next four years
B. How did the Enabling Law pass?
The SS and SA intimidated the the Reichstag into signing the document
C. What was gleichschaltung?
a policy forcing all citizems to coordinate with the nazis
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. one party state
ii. Nazi Special Commisioner
iii. civil service was purged
iv. trade unions were replaced with the German Labour Front
v. education was closely controlled and the Hitler youth were born
vi. special family policy
vii. all communications and media are controlled by the minister of propoganda
viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?
a. telling industrialists what to produce
b. moving workers around to where they were needed
c. encouraging farmers to increase their yields
d. control of food prices and rents
e. control foreign exchanges to avoid inflation
f. public works
g. force other countries to buy german goods
h. manufacturing synthetic materials to avoid reliance of other countries
i. increase military budget
ix. How was religion handled?
a. Catholics
they get no say in politics but the nazis will be nice
b. Protestants
they got taken over completely by the nazis
x. germany is a police state, concentration camps
xi. Anti-Semitism
a. how was it legalized?
under the Nuremburg Laws
b. examples of the law being carried out
1. jews are not citizens
2. they canm't marry nonjews
3. if a grandparent was a jew, you are too
E. How popular were Hitler's policies?
i. personal appeal -
hitler seemed to be offreing action and a great new gremany
ii. unemployment -
he was succesful in eliminating unemployment
iii. working people -
care was taken to support the workers
iv. upper class -
the wealthy were delighted with the nazis
v. farmers -
gradually warmed up to hitlker
vi. the Army -
a. officers -
they liked him because he made them strong
b. lower ranks -
he made sure they were involved too
c. Night of Long Knives -
the SS destroys the SA
vii. foreign policy -
was a brilliant success
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
IRL2
http://www.internationalposter.com/country-primers/soviet-posters.aspx
This is a seriers of descriptions of "vintage" soviet union propagnda posters. It came from the international poster gallery website. This connects to what we're studying in class because it provides examples of how the USSR government pitched their ideology to the people. The psters represent the in theory rather than practice section of the ideology. It provides visual examples of what the soviet's goals might have been or at least what they new the people wanted to see. Some limitations of using this source is that I have no way of knowing wether these were the actual posters used, and I don't really know anything about the the international poster gallery.
This is a seriers of descriptions of "vintage" soviet union propagnda posters. It came from the international poster gallery website. This connects to what we're studying in class because it provides examples of how the USSR government pitched their ideology to the people. The psters represent the in theory rather than practice section of the ideology. It provides visual examples of what the soviet's goals might have been or at least what they new the people wanted to see. Some limitations of using this source is that I have no way of knowing wether these were the actual posters used, and I don't really know anything about the the international poster gallery.
Saturday, September 12, 2009
SGQ2
RUSSIA: Modern World History p. 339-343
Were the revolutions of 1917 inevitable?
A. Reforms under Nicholas II
1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?
i. his opponents were not united
ii. there was no central leadership
iii. he had been willing to comprimise at the critical moment by issuing the October Manifesto
iv. most of the army remained loyal
2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?
i. improvements in industrial working conditions and pay
ii. cancelation of redemption payments
iii. more freedom for the press
iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma would playan important part in running the country
3. What happened to the Dumas?
The firt Duma was not democratically elected, the second suffered the same fate, the third and fourth were much more conservative and therefor lasted longer
B. Strengths of the regime
1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?
i. redenption payments were abolished
ii. peasants were encouraged to buy their own land
iii. what is a kulak? comfortably off peasants
2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers?
Improved working conditions, industrial profits, worker's insurance
3. other positive signs for the regime
i. universal education programme
ii. revolutionaries lost heart
C. Weaknesses of the regime
1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?
i. population growth
ii. inneficient farming methods
2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI?
they rapidly increased
3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?
i. university students
ii. university lecturers
iii. jews
4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?
i. Bolsheviks - small, disciplined party of revolutionaries
ii. Mensheviks - proletarian revolution
iii. Social Revolutionaries - agrarian society
5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?
i. Stolypin's death - the tsar was rumored to ave had a hand in it
ii. Rasputin - they allowed him to stay despite his unruly behavior
D. World War I
What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?
i. the troops became mutinous
ii. poor transport organisation
iii. low arms and ammunition at the front lines
iv. food shortage in cities
v. nicholas ran the army into the ground
Were the revolutions of 1917 inevitable?
A. Reforms under Nicholas II
1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?
i. his opponents were not united
ii. there was no central leadership
iii. he had been willing to comprimise at the critical moment by issuing the October Manifesto
iv. most of the army remained loyal
2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?
i. improvements in industrial working conditions and pay
ii. cancelation of redemption payments
iii. more freedom for the press
iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma would playan important part in running the country
3. What happened to the Dumas?
The firt Duma was not democratically elected, the second suffered the same fate, the third and fourth were much more conservative and therefor lasted longer
B. Strengths of the regime
1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?
i. redenption payments were abolished
ii. peasants were encouraged to buy their own land
iii. what is a kulak? comfortably off peasants
2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers?
Improved working conditions, industrial profits, worker's insurance
3. other positive signs for the regime
i. universal education programme
ii. revolutionaries lost heart
C. Weaknesses of the regime
1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?
i. population growth
ii. inneficient farming methods
2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI?
they rapidly increased
3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?
i. university students
ii. university lecturers
iii. jews
4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?
i. Bolsheviks - small, disciplined party of revolutionaries
ii. Mensheviks - proletarian revolution
iii. Social Revolutionaries - agrarian society
5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?
i. Stolypin's death - the tsar was rumored to ave had a hand in it
ii. Rasputin - they allowed him to stay despite his unruly behavior
D. World War I
What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?
i. the troops became mutinous
ii. poor transport organisation
iii. low arms and ammunition at the front lines
iv. food shortage in cities
v. nicholas ran the army into the ground
Thursday, September 10, 2009
SGQ3
MWH p. 405-412
1. Revolution and the warlord era
a. Explain the three major crises of this era?
i. Europeans started to force their way into China
ii. Taiping rebellion
iii. China was defeated in a war with Japan
b. What was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution?
China has no leader/ formal government
c. What were the two important positive developments that took place during the Warlord Era?
i. The May Fourth Movement began
ii. the Kuomintang grew stronger
2. The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek
a. What were Sun Yat-sen's three goals for China?
i. nationalism
ii. democracy
iii. land reform
b. What three steps did Chiang take to consolidate power?
i. become leader of the KMT
ii. the northern march
iii. destroyed the communists
3. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party
a. How did the Communists survive the extermination campaigns?
took to the mountains and then the long march
b. Why did Mao and the Communists gain support?
i. inneficiancy and corruption of KMT
ii. little improvement in factory conditions
iii. no improvement in peasant poverty
iv. no effective resistance to japan by KMT
4. Briefly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give 2 reasons
their army became the most powerful b/c of backing from rusia and their increasing numbers
1. Revolution and the warlord era
a. Explain the three major crises of this era?
i. Europeans started to force their way into China
ii. Taiping rebellion
iii. China was defeated in a war with Japan
b. What was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution?
China has no leader/ formal government
c. What were the two important positive developments that took place during the Warlord Era?
i. The May Fourth Movement began
ii. the Kuomintang grew stronger
2. The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek
a. What were Sun Yat-sen's three goals for China?
i. nationalism
ii. democracy
iii. land reform
b. What three steps did Chiang take to consolidate power?
i. become leader of the KMT
ii. the northern march
iii. destroyed the communists
3. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party
a. How did the Communists survive the extermination campaigns?
took to the mountains and then the long march
b. Why did Mao and the Communists gain support?
i. inneficiancy and corruption of KMT
ii. little improvement in factory conditions
iii. no improvement in peasant poverty
iv. no effective resistance to japan by KMT
4. Briefly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give 2 reasons
their army became the most powerful b/c of backing from rusia and their increasing numbers
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
IRL1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China
This link is a Wikipedia article on the Communist Party of China which was originaly led by Mao Zedong. This pertains to what we're doing in class because it is with this party that China would become a Single Party State. This excerpt adds more details about the party than we learned about in class. However, I face limitations of reliability when using Wikipedia because anyone can edit the article.
This link is a Wikipedia article on the Communist Party of China which was originaly led by Mao Zedong. This pertains to what we're doing in class because it is with this party that China would become a Single Party State. This excerpt adds more details about the party than we learned about in class. However, I face limitations of reliability when using Wikipedia because anyone can edit the article.
Thursday, September 3, 2009
IBSL2 SGQ1 9/8/09
QUESTION OF THE WEEK:
To what extent is there a set of circumstances that will predict the rise of a single party state?
GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309
Why did the Weimar Republic fail?
A. Disadvantages
1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?
i. arms limitations
ii. reparations
iii. war guilt clause
2. who did people generally believe should run the country?
i. the army
were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?
ii. no, because the reason they wanted the army to be in charge was because the people thought the democrats had betrayed the army by signing the Versailles Treaty when in fact it was a general who requested the armistice.
3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?
i. there were so many groups that no party could ever win an overall majority.
ii. no party was able to carry out its programme.
4. why did the political parties have no experience?
i. before 1919, the Chancellor had supreme authority, there was no need for other parties and debates.
how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?
ii. they created private armies
B. Outbreaks of Violence
1. Sparticists
i. who was behind it?
the communists, led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
ii. how bad was it?
it proved that the government was weak enough to be relying on forces they couldn't control
iii. how was it defeated?
the uprising was put down and the leaders clubbed to death without trial.
2. Kapp Putsch
i. who was behind it?
the government and the Freikorps and Dr Wolfgang Kapp
ii. how bad was it?
the government couldn't put it down and the capital came to a standstill as workers went on strike
iii. how was it defeated?
the governments rise back to office and Kapp is imprisoned while it takes 2 months to disband the Friekorps.
3. assassinations
i. who was behind it?
ex-Freikorps
ii. how bad was it?
communist leaders are killed off, the republic is crippled
4. Beer Hall Putsch
i. who was behind it?
Hitler and Ludendorff
ii. how bad was it?
not so bad
iii. how was it defeated?
Hitler is sentenced to 5 years but gets off in 9 months
5. private armies
i. who was behind it?
Nazis and Communists
ii. how bad was it?
pretty bad, the police and government are now powerless against the private armies
iii. how was it defeated?
it wasn't
C. Economic problems
1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?
war expenses
2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?
they couldn't pay them
3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?
they occupied the Ruhr
E. Nazi popularity
1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?
i.get rid of Marxists
ii.Get rid of the Versailles Treaty
2. i.What was the SA?
storm troopers
ii. Why was the SA so popular?
they provided uniform and pay
3. Where did the fear of communism come from?
wealthy landowners and industrialists
4. What were Hitler's political abilities?
i.energy
ii.will power
iii.a gift for public speaking
iv.the latest forms of communication
5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?
working and lower middle classes
To what extent is there a set of circumstances that will predict the rise of a single party state?
GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309
Why did the Weimar Republic fail?
A. Disadvantages
1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?
i. arms limitations
ii. reparations
iii. war guilt clause
2. who did people generally believe should run the country?
i. the army
were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?
ii. no, because the reason they wanted the army to be in charge was because the people thought the democrats had betrayed the army by signing the Versailles Treaty when in fact it was a general who requested the armistice.
3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?
i. there were so many groups that no party could ever win an overall majority.
ii. no party was able to carry out its programme.
4. why did the political parties have no experience?
i. before 1919, the Chancellor had supreme authority, there was no need for other parties and debates.
how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?
ii. they created private armies
B. Outbreaks of Violence
1. Sparticists
i. who was behind it?
the communists, led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
ii. how bad was it?
it proved that the government was weak enough to be relying on forces they couldn't control
iii. how was it defeated?
the uprising was put down and the leaders clubbed to death without trial.
2. Kapp Putsch
i. who was behind it?
the government and the Freikorps and Dr Wolfgang Kapp
ii. how bad was it?
the government couldn't put it down and the capital came to a standstill as workers went on strike
iii. how was it defeated?
the governments rise back to office and Kapp is imprisoned while it takes 2 months to disband the Friekorps.
3. assassinations
i. who was behind it?
ex-Freikorps
ii. how bad was it?
communist leaders are killed off, the republic is crippled
4. Beer Hall Putsch
i. who was behind it?
Hitler and Ludendorff
ii. how bad was it?
not so bad
iii. how was it defeated?
Hitler is sentenced to 5 years but gets off in 9 months
5. private armies
i. who was behind it?
Nazis and Communists
ii. how bad was it?
pretty bad, the police and government are now powerless against the private armies
iii. how was it defeated?
it wasn't
C. Economic problems
1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?
war expenses
2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?
they couldn't pay them
3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?
they occupied the Ruhr
E. Nazi popularity
1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?
i.get rid of Marxists
ii.Get rid of the Versailles Treaty
2. i.What was the SA?
storm troopers
ii. Why was the SA so popular?
they provided uniform and pay
3. Where did the fear of communism come from?
wealthy landowners and industrialists
4. What were Hitler's political abilities?
i.energy
ii.will power
iii.a gift for public speaking
iv.the latest forms of communication
5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?
working and lower middle classes
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
hw 3/11
1. Account for relative success of cult- why do you think it worked with Russian people?
Successful in making the people adore Stalin because he made it seem as if he was fixing their many problems through show trials, where Stalin punishes the bad guy and scares you into submission with one go, and giving the people education and thus a sort of power and hope in their future.
2. What conclusions can you reach about whether adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers?
According to a summary of accounts by the Russian people, they genuinely perceived him as a benefactor, traditional defender of the people, and charismatic leader.
Successful in making the people adore Stalin because he made it seem as if he was fixing their many problems through show trials, where Stalin punishes the bad guy and scares you into submission with one go, and giving the people education and thus a sort of power and hope in their future.
2. What conclusions can you reach about whether adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers?
According to a summary of accounts by the Russian people, they genuinely perceived him as a benefactor, traditional defender of the people, and charismatic leader.
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