SGQ4

QW's:


1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.


MWH 309-318


1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?

i. a way of life dedicated to the rebirth of the nation

ii. ruthel;essly efficient organisation of all aspects of the lives of the masses

iii. entire stste must be organised on miulitary footing

iv. race theory was vitally important
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. extension of german traditions and militarism



ii. final stage of western capitalism



C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?

Hitler's personal contribution, he wanted to break away from the past and create something new.

D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?

Hitler was neither a loogical or accidental catalyst


2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933

i. nazis use the media to rally the masses

ii. nazi officals replace police officials

iii. all other party meetings were banned
B. The Reichstag fire

i. what happened?

a member of the coomunist party burt a building and Hitler used this to create fear of the communists

ii. what did it mean?

the nazis probably had a hand in the fire themselves

3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?

Hitler was a complete dictator for the next four years

B. How did the Enabling Law pass?

The SS and SA intimidated the the Reichstag into signing the document

C. What was gleichschaltung?

a policy forcing all citizems to coordinate with the nazis
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. one party state

ii. Nazi Special Commisioner

iii. civil service was purged

iv. trade unions were replaced with the German Labour Front

v. education was closely controlled and the Hitler youth were born

vi. special family policy

vii. all communications and media are controlled by the minister of propoganda

viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?

a. telling industrialists what to produce

b. moving workers around to where they were needed

c. encouraging farmers to increase their yields

d. control of food prices and rents

e. control foreign exchanges to avoid inflation

f. public works

g. force other countries to buy german goods

h. manufacturing synthetic materials to avoid reliance of other countries

i. increase military budget

ix. How was religion handled?

a. Catholics

they get no say in politics but the nazis will be nice

b. Protestants
they got taken over completely by the nazis

x. germany is a police state, concentration camps



xi. Anti-Semitism

a. how was it legalized?

under the Nuremburg Laws

b. examples of the law being carried out

1. jews are not citizens

2. they canm't marry nonjews

3. if a grandparent was a jew, you are too



E. How popular were Hitler's policies?

i. personal appeal -

hitler seemed to be offreing action and a great new gremany

ii. unemployment -

he was succesful in eliminating unemployment

iii. working people -

care was taken to support the workers

iv. upper class -

the wealthy were delighted with the nazis

v. farmers -

gradually warmed up to hitlker

vi. the Army -
a. officers -

they liked him because he made them strong

b. lower ranks -

he made sure they were involved too

c. Night of Long Knives -
the SS destroys the SA
vii. foreign policy -



was a brilliant success

IRL2

http://www.internationalposter.com/country-primers/soviet-posters.aspx

This is a seriers of descriptions of "vintage" soviet union propagnda posters. It came from the international poster gallery website. This connects to what we're studying in class because it provides examples of how the USSR government pitched their ideology to the people. The psters represent the in theory rather than practice section of the ideology. It provides visual examples of what the soviet's goals might have been or at least what they new the people wanted to see. Some limitations of using this source is that I have no way of knowing wether these were the actual posters used, and I don't really know anything about the the international poster gallery.

SGQ2

RUSSIA: Modern World History p. 339-343


Were the revolutions of 1917 inevitable?


A. Reforms under Nicholas II
1. How was Nicholas able to survive the 1905 revolution?

i. his opponents were not united

ii. there was no central leadership

iii. he had been willing to comprimise at the critical moment by issuing the October Manifesto

iv. most of the army remained loyal


2. What reforms did Nicholas institute?
i. improvements in industrial working conditions and pay

ii. cancelation of redemption payments

iii. more freedom for the press

iv. genuine democracy in which the Duma would playan important part in running the country

3. What happened to the Dumas?

The firt Duma was not democratically elected, the second suffered the same fate, the third and fourth were much more conservative and therefor lasted longer


B. Strengths of the regime
1. how did Stolypin gain support of some peasants?

i. redenption payments were abolished

ii. peasants were encouraged to buy their own land

iii. what is a kulak? comfortably off peasants

2. how did the regime gain support among industrial workers?

Improved working conditions, industrial profits, worker's insurance

3. other positive signs for the regime

i. universal education programme

ii. revolutionaries lost heart



C. Weaknesses of the regime
1. why were Stolypin's land reforms failing?

i. population growth

ii. inneficient farming methods
2. what was the trend with industrial strikes in the years leading to WWI?

they rapidly increased

3. what three groups did the government especially target for repression?

i. university students

ii. university lecturers

iii. jews



4. revolutionary parties - what did each hope for?

i. Bolsheviks - small, disciplined party of revolutionaries

ii. Mensheviks - proletarian revolution

iii. Social Revolutionaries - agrarian society



5. How was the royal family tainted by scandal?

i. Stolypin's death - the tsar was rumored to ave had a hand in it

ii. Rasputin - they allowed him to stay despite his unruly behavior



D. World War I
What were considered failures in Russia's effort in WWI?

i. the troops became mutinous

ii. poor transport organisation

iii. low arms and ammunition at the front lines

iv. food shortage in cities

v. nicholas ran the army into the ground

SGQ3

MWH p. 405-412



1. Revolution and the warlord era
a. Explain the three major crises of this era?

i. Europeans started to force their way into China

ii. Taiping rebellion

iii. China was defeated in a war with Japan
b. What was the immediate cause of the 1911 revolution?

China has no leader/ formal government

c. What were the two important positive developments that took place during the Warlord Era?
i. The May Fourth Movement began

ii. the Kuomintang grew stronger



2. The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek
a. What were Sun Yat-sen's three goals for China?

i. nationalism

ii. democracy

iii. land reform

b. What three steps did Chiang take to consolidate power?

i. become leader of the KMT

ii. the northern march

iii. destroyed the communists



3. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party
a. How did the Communists survive the extermination campaigns?

took to the mountains and then the long march

b. Why did Mao and the Communists gain support?

i. inneficiancy and corruption of KMT

ii. little improvement in factory conditions

iii. no improvement in peasant poverty

iv. no effective resistance to japan by KMT



4. Briefly summarize how the CCP won their struggle with the KMT, and give 2 reasons

their army became the most powerful b/c of backing from rusia and their increasing numbers

IRL1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China

This link is a Wikipedia article on the Communist Party of China which was originaly led by Mao Zedong. This pertains to what we're doing in class because it is with this party that China would become a Single Party State. This excerpt adds more details about the party than we learned about in class. However, I face limitations of reliability when using Wikipedia because anyone can edit the article.

IBSL2 SGQ1 9/8/09

QUESTION OF THE WEEK:
To what extent is there a set of circumstances that will predict the rise of a single party state?



GERMANY: Modern World History p. 301-309


Why did the Weimar Republic fail?


A. Disadvantages
1. why was Versailles "humiliating" and "unpopular"?
i. arms limitations

ii. reparations

iii. war guilt clause

2. who did people generally believe should run the country?

i. the army

were the German people justified in the view? why/why not?

ii. no, because the reason they wanted the army to be in charge was because the people thought the democrats had betrayed the army by signing the Versailles Treaty when in fact it was a general who requested the armistice.

3. what weaknesses existed in the Weimar parliamentary system?

i. there were so many groups that no party could ever win an overall majority.

ii. no party was able to carry out its programme.

4. why did the political parties have no experience?

i. before 1919, the Chancellor had supreme authority, there was no need for other parties and debates.

how did the political parties deal with their bitter rivalries?

ii. they created private armies



B. Outbreaks of Violence
1. Sparticists

i. who was behind it?

the communists, led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

ii. how bad was it?

it proved that the government was weak enough to be relying on forces they couldn't control

iii. how was it defeated?

the uprising was put down and the leaders clubbed to death without trial.

2. Kapp Putsch

i. who was behind it?

the government and the Freikorps and Dr Wolfgang Kapp
ii. how bad was it?

the government couldn't put it down and the capital came to a standstill as workers went on strike

iii. how was it defeated?

the governments rise back to office and Kapp is imprisoned while it takes 2 months to disband the Friekorps.

3. assassinations

i. who was behind it?
ex-Freikorps

ii. how bad was it?
communist leaders are killed off, the republic is crippled

4. Beer Hall Putsch

i. who was behind it?
Hitler and Ludendorff

ii. how bad was it?

not so bad

iii. how was it defeated?
Hitler is sentenced to 5 years but gets off in 9 months

5. private armies

i. who was behind it?
Nazis and Communists

ii. how bad was it?

pretty bad, the police and government are now powerless against the private armies

iii. how was it defeated?
it wasn't

C. Economic problems
1. why was Germany facing bankruptcy?

war expenses

2. what was the problem with the reparations payments?

they couldn't pay them

3. how did France attempt to deal with the reparations issue?

they occupied the Ruhr

E. Nazi popularity


1. how did the Nazis propose to fulfill their promises?

i.get rid of Marxists

ii.Get rid of the Versailles Treaty

2. i.What was the SA?
storm troopers

ii. Why was the SA so popular?

they provided uniform and pay

3. Where did the fear of communism come from?

wealthy landowners and industrialists

4. What were Hitler's political abilities?

i.energy

ii.will power

iii.a gift for public speaking

iv.the latest forms of communication
5. What kinds of people supported the Nazis?
working and lower middle classes